Advances in Liquid Biopsy Technologies for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring

Abstract

Recent advances in liquid biopsy technologies have revolutionized cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring by offering non-invasive methods to detect and analyze tumor-derived biomarkers from biofluids such as blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. This abstract explores the transformative impact of liquid biopsies in oncology, highlighting their ability to provide realtime, dynamic information on tumor mutations, genomic alterations, and treatment response. Key technologies including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are discussed, emphasizing their clinical utility in early cancer detection, assessment of minimal residual disease, and monitoring therapeutic efficacy. Challenges such as sensitivity, standardization, and clinical validation are also addressed, alongside future prospects for integrating liquid biopsy into routine clinical practice. Liquid biopsies represent a promising avenue for personalized cancer care, offering potential improvements in patient outcomes through enhanced diagnostic precision and treatment optimization.